Welcome to Stand Firm!

‘Smudging’ with the New Bishop of Nevada

Thursday, January 10, 2008 • 5:11 pm


Episcopal Life Online reports that at his consecration, new Bishop of Nevada Dan Edwards incorporated ‘smudgers’ in the ceremony:

Episcopal bishops, local interfaith leaders, native American “smudgers” and drummers, choirs and churchgoers from throughout Nevada gathered January 5 to participate in the consecration of Dan Thomas Edwards as the 10th bishop of Nevada.

This isn’t, of course, completely original. Katherine Schori, the former bishop of Nevada, also user ‘smudgers’ in her investiture:

Native American “smudgers”—incense-bearing tribal leaders, mostly from Episcopal missions in Jefferts Schori’s Nevada diocese—filled the gothic cathedral with the aroma of smoldering cedar, sage and sweet grass.

A barefoot Chinese-style dancer waved aquamarine streamers. An African American gospel choir from Philadelphia sang “This is the Day.” A female rabbi, an imam and an Anglican archbishop from South Africa presented Jefferts Schori with oil, representing the healing arts.

It’s sometimes hard to tell whether these people think they’re simply incorporating some harmless local color - for example, football teams and the now-ubiquitous haka; if they’re just unable to tell the difference between Christianity and paganism; or if they’re deliberately trying to blur that difference as part of their larger plan to turn Christianity into yet another vehicle for their goofy far-left one-world political agenda. Most of the time, of course, I tend to believe the latter.

At any rate, here’s a New York Times article on ‘smudgers’:

Smudging, now loosely applied, is an ancient American Indian rite for driving away bad spirits with the burning of sage; so-called smudge sticks are available in hundreds of storefront New Age shops. At the Open Center, a hub of New Age workshops and seminars in downtown Manhattan, Paul Rush, a spokesman, gave out the names of some local smudgers. He said the center did not offer any courses in smudging, which is not so well known as the Chinese art of feng shui.

Michael Taussig, a professor of anthropology at Columbia University, said feng shui and smudging are two completely different things. “To use a Western vocabulary, feng shui is a divination, the feel of an environmental vibe, which bodes well for the settlement of a house, a stable, a city,” Mr. Taussig said. “Smudging is an age-old purgation, which the Greeks used as much as the New World people; it is one of many components—costumes, prayers, chants—to remove evil sorcery, baneful influences from the home.”

Kia Woods, who sees much the same distinction between feng shui and smudging, usually smudges her own three-bedroom apartment on the Upper West Side, but for her 50th birthday party, she hired Sunshine Eagle to do the job for her.

Note that Edwards recently said he “feels comfortable” calling himself a “Windsor bishop,” and I guess, given what it means to be a “Windsor bishops” these days, it really doesn’t matter what he calls himself.


46 Comments • Print-friendlyPrint-friendly w/commentsShare on Facebook
Comments:

I’ve been totally set up.  At the preceding article about the PB’s successor, I tried to suggest maybe we should give the guy a smidgen of credit for at least walking back a bit.  Gullible, I was called.  Now you’re coming in for the kill with this one.  You waited until some orthodox type (me) tried to give the benefit of the doubt and then WHAM!!, you slap me down with this one.  Smudging, StandFirm style: just drive those spirits of naivete right out of this site.  I am suitably smudged and chastened.

[1] Posted by VaAnglican on 01-10-2008 at 05:34 PM • top

How exotic - is it necessary to remove one’s hat in order to engage in smudging?

[2] Posted by Pageantmaster [Free Archbishop Cranmer] on 01-10-2008 at 05:41 PM • top

VaAnglican,

Not sure what you’re getting at. I started this article early this morning, then the storms swept through and shut off power and cable, then I had to leave town for the day and just returned. Any WHAMming is purely coincidental…

[3] Posted by Greg Griffith on 01-10-2008 at 05:43 PM • top

Greg - It was the article I posted earlier.
I am quite certain the power failure must have caused you to miss this piece because I am quite positive you spend a great deal of time pouring over my posts for edification.

Vaanglican - Sorry.  Twertn’t intentional.  Let’s blame Greg.

[4] Posted by JackieB on 01-10-2008 at 05:53 PM • top

Bp Wantland (a staunchly orthodox bishop) is a Native American and has incorporated some Native American traditions into Anglican liturgies.  Does anyone know his take on smudging?

[5] Posted by AnglicanXn on 01-10-2008 at 05:57 PM • top

AnglicanXn, you offer sage advice. If you want to know the theological implications of Native American traditions, ask an orthodox Anglican Native American—such as my co-worker, Captain Bob Dudley of Church army. In his ministry he teaches young Native Americans about their ancient traditions and differentiates those that are incompatible with Christianity.

(a refugee from the Briar Patch),

[6] Posted by Br_er Rabbit on 01-10-2008 at 06:27 PM • top

No rite in the Anglican Church of Canada involving bishops takes place these days without smudging. If I were native I think I’d resent smudging at the behest of middle-aged white men and women in pointy hats as the patronizing, superficial, misappropriated, pointless gesture that it is. Also, smudging takes up time that should be properly used for liturgical dance.

[7] Posted by HumbleAccess on 01-10-2008 at 06:41 PM • top

How interesting that smudging is for the purpose of driving away evil spirits.  One would think TEC leaders don’t believe in such.  They probably don’t and see it as harmless local color or multi-faith tolerance contextualization, etc.  But the fact that there is smudging going on in cathedrals consecrated to the Lord, and before TEC ordinations is just a bit rich in hindsight.  Maybe it is needed more than TEC leaders know, sadly, only I’d rather it be a Christian rite of exorcism rather than this pagan stuff.  What a mess.

[8] Posted by Karen B. on 01-10-2008 at 06:42 PM • top

Smudging was used during the opening “Service of Reconciliation” at the October 2001 Wyoming Diocesan Convention in Dubois. The smudger walked through the convention room with the pot of burning buffalo and sweet grasses and sage; while smoke billowed from the pot, the smudger called on the four winds, and the sun and the moon, to “purify” the “sins” (described as “rigid thinking”, “judgementalism”, “intolerance” and the various “-phobias”) of the participants. I have no doubt “smudging” will have a place of honor in the new and improved Book of Commingled Prayer.

[9] Posted by Dan Crawford on 01-10-2008 at 07:08 PM • top

Incense, sweet grass, sage smoke, Chinese barefooted dance——why I am disappointed that the Native Americans would compromise their standards and participate in this foolishness along with Gnostics in Costumes.

[10] Posted by PROPHET MICAIAH on 01-10-2008 at 07:24 PM • top

I can understand why Greg objects to this. From my own view point it is a very strange and unusually ceremony that I would not equate with Christian worship.

Interestingly lots of items used in christian worship are also used in a pagan ceremonies- candles, incenses, robes, wreaths, colored windows, hand gestures, dance, music, drums and lots more.

My own thought would be that Nevada, which shares the four corner region and has large indian reservations, must have an large native american population. Some of them would be episcopal and christian. They might incorporate the use of smudging in ceremonies, and maybe that isn’t so strange to them- and maybe they have transformed the symbol to represent something very christian.

I have a hard time seeing the diffrence between this ritual (smudging) and incense. But that’s me. Maybe Greg is from a low church tradition.

[11] Posted by sarahsnemisis on 01-10-2008 at 07:53 PM • top

Greg is most certainly not from a low-church tradition. I don;t know about Dan Crawford. Yet we are both uneasy, to say the least, about ‘smudging,’ I would venture because we both know what’s really behind it: Liturgical ‘inclusiveness’ that threatens (and perhaps accomplishes) turning a Christian service into a pagan one.

[12] Posted by Greg Griffith on 01-10-2008 at 08:00 PM • top

HumbleAccess:  “Also, smudging takes up time that should be properly used for liturgical dance.” 

Karen B.: “How interesting that smudging is for the purpose of driving away evil spirits.” 

Hmmm… can it be a coincidence that smudging is linked to less liturgical dance?  Could it be smoke allergies among the dancers?  Or perhaps there is some other link…. Some people (Matt, are you there?) do seem to sense a type of evil in liturgical dance grin

[13] Posted by Cathy_Lou on 01-10-2008 at 08:31 PM • top

On a personal note, I work for Native American Student Services at my University, and from three years of experience with smudging, what happened here is not smudging.

Smudging is not much different from the use of a thurible in any “Christian” context. But it also serves more practical purposes. Before being moved to reservations, Sage was used as a natural soap (fairly effective actually), burning it covered your scent (which is useful before a hunt), it also represents the Great Spirit, and the breathing in of the burning sage represents the taking in of said Spirit into yourself, and blessing (much like a priest blessing the Alter with the thurible).

However, a common job among Indians today is perfomance of traditional dances and ceremonies for groups or events (columbus day protests, university programs or even Bishop investitures). Realistically, unless the performers have a personal investment in the event (ie. Columbus Day) a performance is just that. A job. The church, for that hour, is an employer. These churches look to their performance as nothing more than cultural entertainment, allowing them to say “we are multi-cultural”.

I have seen real smudging, smudging used for worship, rather than employment, this is not the real thing.

[14] Posted by Jacobsladder on 01-10-2008 at 09:14 PM • top

Dan Crawford’s description of the Wyoming 2001 convention:

the smudger called on the four winds, and the sun and the moon, to “purify” the “sins”

Jesus’s description of the cup at the Last Supper:

. . . this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.

The critical issue is the source of power invoked in a liturgical cleansing—the Blood of the Lamb or the forces of nature.  Interviews of witches departing covens reveal that they pray to forces of nature.

[15] Posted by Jill Woodliff on 01-10-2008 at 09:32 PM • top

WHAT ?!! - No Sundance   ??

What a bunch of lightweights.  Cowboy up, why doncha? 

Or rather, Indian up, as it were. 

Or rather, Native American up, as it were. 

Oh, never mind.

[16] Posted by Moot on 01-10-2008 at 10:36 PM • top

You know, since last May, we’ve been seeing examples of pagan influences in the Episcopal Church about once a month, on average.  The frequency has definitely increased.
12/07 [url=“http://www.standfirminfaith.com/index.php/site/article/8199/
“> “Trans-Spirituality, Trans-Gender, Trans-Spirit, and Transforming”</a> workshop offered by Oasis, Newark
12/07 Sacramento cathedral hosts<a ] to construct mandala and hold Medicine Buddha Healing Ceremony
12/07 Seattle parish offers <a href=“http://www.standfirminfaith.com/index.php/site/article/8120/
“>astrology workshop[/url]
10/07 [url=“http://www.standfirminfaith.com/index.php/site/article/6788/#127554
“]Sufi dance[/url] taught in Seattle cathedral
9/07 [url=“http://www.standfirminfaith.com/index.php/site/article/3814”>Navajo</a> teachers and medicine men help with a Navajo blessing ceremony during consecration of bishop
6/07 <a >Interfaith baptism</a> in Newark (Muslim and Jewish prayers added to Christian liturgy)
6/07 Episcopal priest in Seattle announces she is a<a ] Muslim[/url].
5/07 A liberal Episcopal layman/ordained Sufi leads Sufi healing circle meetings at St. Philip’s Cathedral, Atlanta, GA

[17] Posted by Jill Woodliff on 01-10-2008 at 10:53 PM • top

Does anyone know if the HOB meetings have started including sweat lodges?

[18] Posted by Daniel on 01-10-2008 at 11:06 PM • top

There are two national scene Native American Christian leaders and teachers that I trust in matters of the dangers of syncretism without sacrificing the value of culture.  One of the them is Richard Twiss, Wiconi Ministries, a Lakota.  I went looking for a particular article from World Missions where he was interviewed about such things, and found it linked at the Wiconi website.  It doesn’t mention smudging specifically, but the issue is raised by pointing to other practices that cause difficulties for Native Christians and non-Native Christians alike.  Richard uses the phrase “contextualization” to describe the goal of peeling away (with care) Anglo/European missions policies and guidelines layered onto what can be faithful Christian worship in the Native cultural context.
The article is here.

[19] Posted by Rob Eaton+ on 01-10-2008 at 11:19 PM • top

While we’re at it, can someone explain the theological underpinnings of the use of Vestal Virgins at Schori’s investiture and other Episcopal rituals?  It’s downright creepy, as far as I can see.  Reminds me of the Bacchanalia scenes in those old Hollywood movies about the Roman Empire.

[20] Posted by Jim the Puritan on 01-11-2008 at 12:05 AM • top

At least we can clearly see that “the new thing” is not of God, because God is not the author of confusion.

[21] Posted by Bob K. on 01-11-2008 at 02:08 AM • top

Grew up in the 4 corners area, mostly Colorado. I like the Navajo concept of harmony as a good way to organize your life. It cannot however supplant basic Christian truths. Any religious ceremony that is fobbed off as a cultrual exerise so as to allow intrusion of pagan non Christian practices into a Christian ceremony is absolutely wrong and should be stopped. Smudging is a very good example. It is an attempt to drive away evil spirits with smoke instead of the Word of God, and is demonic in its concept.  Get rid of it.
I am Celtic mostly. My people believed that butchering a child and placing its corpse under the corner posts of a building was just the thing to keep off evil spirits. We learned from the Apostles who converted us that this was an evil practice, forbidden of Christians. So is smudging.
My native American brothers and sisters have some legitimate beef with the Anglo majority, no doubt about it. It is political and social, not religious. You want to be Christians? You got to dump the superstitions. We did.

[22] Posted by teddy mak on 01-11-2008 at 06:22 AM • top

Smudging with the intent of driving away demons might be a good thing for that diocese, and for TEC in general. Maybe it should be done more often. grin

The same thing can be done by adding the tiniest pinch of sulfur to the thurible. (Sulfur fumes are extremely poisonous; in this case, less is more.) Some incense formulas intended for use in Christian worship actually have a bit of sulfur as a secret ingredient. grin

[23] Posted by Ralph on 01-11-2008 at 06:45 AM • top

TEC as an organization is no longer a Christian religion. It is now a left wing secular political organization based on superstition. One of which is that support of the MDG’s will change anything, or improve anyone’s life.

The only real way in which a Christian church can make a difference is by helping each us find and follow Christ. Anything else is just politics.

[24] Posted by BillS on 01-11-2008 at 06:47 AM • top

Jill[17], your (broken) link to Navajo rites (if this is the right link) includes this comment by Spiro, who noticed but did not identify the practice as ‘smudging’:

One of the most glaring unChristian and liturgically horrible thing that breaks my heart (to this day) is the fact that at her investiture, Schori had some Native American medicine men dancing and incensing the High Altar of the National Cathedral at the start of the investiture last November.


Is it worthwhile beginning a catalog of syncretic Schori anomalies?
Nah.

(a refugee from the Briar Patch),

[25] Posted by Br_er Rabbit on 01-11-2008 at 06:47 AM • top

Br_er Rabbit, sorry for the broken link.  It wasn’t the Schori investiture.  It was the bishop of Navajoland.

[26] Posted by Jill Woodliff on 01-11-2008 at 07:04 AM • top

Actually the Native Americans should be just as upset as we are… they believe that worship should not confined to a building.  So smudging indoors is and oxymoron.  I still remember our Liturgics Prof at Nashotah telling us, “When you are planning liturgy and a thought begins with, ‘wouldn’t it be neat, if…’ stop right there and don’t do it!”

[27] Posted by Soy City Priest on 01-11-2008 at 07:32 AM • top

AnglicanXn, you offer sage advice.

Brother Rabbit is off to a good start this morning smile

[28] Posted by James Manley on 01-11-2008 at 07:51 AM • top

Karen B. stated…

I’d rather it be a Christian rite of exorcism rather than this pagan stuff.  What a mess.

They don’t dare do an exorcism.  Too many of the participants would fall down foaming and writhing as the spirits were expelled from their bodies.

[29] Posted by The Pilgrim on 01-11-2008 at 08:05 AM • top

Should one kneel when being “smudged”? Can one be smudged while walking the labyrinth? Should smudging take place before or after the Clown Eucharist? Must one be baptised to be smudged or do we offer “open smudging”? Is there an authorised “Liturgy of the Smudge”?
Should raisin cakes be served at a smudging?

Inquiring minds want to know.

the snarkster

[30] Posted by the snarkster on 01-11-2008 at 08:49 AM • top

Is there an authorised “Liturgy of the Smudge”?

+Bruno has been very clear that any smudging that takes place in the LA area is without his knowledge and approval.  However, he is running classes on “proper smudging” so they can be ready if Lambeth 08 approves it.

[31] Posted by hanks on 01-11-2008 at 09:39 AM • top

I find this thread very insulting to American Indian Christians, of whom I am one.  FYI, smudging and the prayer to the four winds were part of the liturgy at the consecration of the new bishop of Oklahoma.  I took part in the ceremony.  It may be overlooked here, but there is a feast day for the first Native American missioner, David Pendleton Oakerhater.  Smudging and other rites have been adopted into the native expression of Christianity, just as the trappings of the Western church were taken from pagan rites.  Easter?  It was the pagan festival of Eostre.  Christmas?  The winter solstice.  The level of self-righteous ignorance displayed in this thread is unbelievable.  Shall we not eat meat sacrificed to idols?

[32] Posted by anotherone on 01-11-2008 at 09:48 AM • top

Loose Canon,
Wise words indeed.  Would that all rectors would heed them!

[33] Posted by evan miller on 01-11-2008 at 09:49 AM • top

I’d like for everyone to read the post by “anotherone” (#32) and keep in mind that our focus on this thread is about the meaning of smudging and its incorporation into Episcopal services.

Very simply:

1. Is it trinitarian in nature?

2. If so, is that the intent in Schori’s and Evans’ ceremonies?

If the answer to either question is ‘no,’ then obviously we have a problem.

If the answer to both is ‘yes,’ then we don’t.

In any case, the line between good-natured ribbing and giving offense can be fine; let’s try and stay on the good-natured side.

[34] Posted by Greg Griffith on 01-11-2008 at 10:11 AM • top

Including smudging, rabbis, imams and Chinese dancers seems to miss the point if an inclusive, welcoming interfaith service was the point. How many total Native Americans, Jews, Muslims and Chinese are there in Nevada compared to say… Hispanic Catholics? White protestants? Mormons?

Great, you had a bunch of interesting (if totally inappropriate) side shows. How will that further the Kingdom and how much of the community have you actually reached?

[35] Posted by texex on 01-11-2008 at 10:11 AM • top

Is there an authorised “Liturgy of the Smudge”?

Snarkster:  It’s not authorised but it is allowed. grin

[36] Posted by Piedmont on 01-11-2008 at 10:14 AM • top

How can praying to four winds be trinitarian?

[37] Posted by James Manley on 01-11-2008 at 10:20 AM • top

Thanks for that, Greg.  My take on smudging is very different because it is a normal part of a very active and faithful people in the diocese of Oklahoma.  These are not a “liberal” people.  These are usually very simple American Indians who aren’t making any sort of “statement.”  It is, simply, a part of the culture of the community and is incorporated as such.  This isn’t feigned inclusiveness or true syncretism.  It’s a very real expression of who we are.  May I please refer you to more information about the Oakerhater mission:  http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Oakerhater/lettersTOC.html  In them, you will find a true Christian and a true Indian.

[38] Posted by anotherone on 01-11-2008 at 10:24 AM • top

A Bible, a BCP, and a pot of tea are all we need to make disciples of all men… smile

[39] Posted by FrVan on 01-11-2008 at 10:27 AM • top

FrVan:  You would make an excellent candidate for the position of Smudging Curmudgeon. wink

[40] Posted by Piedmont on 01-11-2008 at 11:00 AM • top

Here in South Dakota, where a good number of (what’s left of) the Episcopalians are Dakota/Lakota, smudging is NOT used liberally.  Like other Native traditions used in Christian context, it is for liturgy where a significant number of participants are D/Lakota.  Smudging isn’t even done at Diocesan Convention liturgies.
These sorts of inculturations need to be handled with great discernment and respect.  It is too easy to glom onto something that is manifestly non-Christian and, as Loose Cannon points out above, throw it in because somebody thinks it’s “neat.”
Let’s not forget that White dabbling in this stuff is insulting to the cultures from which it comes.  The presence of “Native American” items in “New Age Shops” and the practice of ancient Native ceremonies by White people is perceived as false familiarity and profound mishandling (e.g. as an insult) by many Native people.
I think those above who have expressed a congruity between smudging and the use of incense are on the right track.  In churches that use incense, the altar, liturgical ministers and congregation are censed, all signs of a pure offering to God.  Smudging is used in the same way.  While there are many Native ceremonies that do not translate well to Christian liturgy, I think that smudging is among the least troublesome.

[41] Posted by Timothy Fountain on 01-11-2008 at 11:02 AM • top

Just for the record, I meant no disrespect for Native Americans, who I actually have a great deal of respect and admiration for. I have always believed that they have shown a great deal of restraint and dignity considering that they were royally screwed by the United States government.

If I was sitting in a hogan or tipi with a bunch of Native Americans, they could smudge their their butts off and it wouldn’t bother me in the slightest. I might even join in the festivities. But, I don’t go to church to be smudged. Nor do I go to walk a labyrinth, observe the clowns, snarf down raisin cakes, dance in the aisles, commune with the Buddha, praise Muhammed, or any number of other things. Those things have no place in the order of worship of a Christian church.

the snarkster

[42] Posted by the snarkster on 01-11-2008 at 11:09 AM • top

A female rabbi, an imam and an Anglican archbishop

This sounds more like the beginning of a joke.  The sad thing is that it’s not.

[43] Posted by Stephen on 01-11-2008 at 11:26 AM • top

Schori is a Unitarian, who believes that there is more than one way to get to Heaven. Schori uses smudging as a political statement to show how politically inclusive she is.

This is a completely different use of smudging from Native Americans, who use smudging as part of true Christian worship.

[44] Posted by BillS on 01-11-2008 at 11:32 AM • top

“A female rabbi, an imam and an Anglican archbishop”

</blockquote>This sounds more like the beginning of a joke.  The sad thing is that it’s not. <blockquote>

Well, if the next line is “...walked into an Episcopal Church,” then it is a big joke. But the joke is on TEC.

[45] Posted by The Pilgrim on 01-11-2008 at 11:38 AM • top

At the investiture of Bishop Andrus, they used a Chinese lion dance. 

http://episcopalbayarea.org/joomla/content/view/377/27/

Where I come from, the lion dance is to chase away evil spirits and bring good luck.  Of course, if they didn’t have firecrackers accompanying it, it wasn’t authentic and didn’t chase away the bad spirits.

[46] Posted by Jim the Puritan on 01-11-2008 at 12:20 PM • top

Registered members are welcome to leave comments. Log in here, or register here.


Comment Policy: We pride ourselves on having some of the most open, honest debate anywhere about the crisis in our church. However, we do have a few rules that we enforce strictly. They are: No over-the-top profanity, no racial or ethnic slurs, and no threats real or implied of physical violence. Please see this post for more. Although we rarely do so, we reserve the right to remove or edit comments, as well as suspend users' accounts, solely at the discretion of site administrators. Since we try to err on the side of open debate, you may sometimes see comments that you believe strain the boundaries of our rules. Comments are the opinions of visitors, and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of Stand Firm, its board of directors, or its site administrators.